Synthetic jet actuators (SJA) are zero-net-mass-flux devices that produce vortex rings which break down to form a jet, injecting momentum into the surrounding flow field (Fig. 1). Since SJA are self-contained electrically-powered devices, they have considerable weight and infrastructure advantages over other aerodynamic flow control methods, such as conventional steady blowing jets or sweeping jets which require a pressurized air source. In this project, we have derived a semi-empirical model to guide design parameter selection, developed a novel fabrication process for SJAs (Fig.

Savonius-Darrieus combination wind turbines seek to combine the high efficiency of the Darrieus wind turbine with the self-starting characteristics of the Savonius wind turbine.